Dynamo-electric machinery.



a.Y mm. oYNAMo EL'Ecmc MAQHINERY.

APPLscArxoN mio MAR. zo. 1916. Patented Fb. 5., .1918

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DYNAM ELECTRIC MACHINERY. Arfucmen mtu nAn.'2o, :91s. 4

- Patented Feb. 5; 1918.

45 v metal sheets) through which the return con-- PATENT oEEIcE.

UNITED sTATEs RUDOLF KNCLL, F ENNET-BADEN, SWITZERLAND.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY.

Application led March 20,A 1916. Serial No. 85,496.

To all whom t may concern.'

A drawback of almost all uni-polar ma* chines is this, that only comparatively 10W voltages can be generated. This drawback can be remedied to a certain extent by connecting inseries a plurality of armaturev conductors hy means of non-inductive return conductors, the ends of which termil nate, for instance, in the segments of two connnutators, one on each' side of the magnetic field.

All machines heretofore constructed or proposed so far as l know, have the fault that proper access to the brushes cannot be secured. If it is desired to utilize the machine eiiiciently the brushes must be distributed around the entire circumference of the commutatore or of the slip rings Where such are used. On the other hand` it is not possible to provide in the yoke which serves for the return connection of the lines of force, a. sufficiently large number ot apertures through which the brushes can be attended to, because. the provision et numerousA holes would weaken the magnetic. cross-section too much. l

The object of the present invention 'is to provide 'a uni-polar machine freey ot these disadvantages.

The invention mainly consists in making the brush rocker rotatable, for the purpose ot facilitating inspection' of the brushes.

The invention also` consists in using a rotatahle brush rocker comprising a hollow iron cylinder (which may in some circumstances be composed of a lurality of single ductors which serve also as brush holders, are led but are insulate!! therefrom.

The invention further consists in a com.- mutator for uni-polar machines in which Specication of Letters Patent,

vduetors are employed.

Patented Feb. 5, 1918.

Contact between the armature conductors and the commutator segments is effected simply by pressing the segments on the conductors.

The invention further consists in arranging the conductors in two or more layers for the purpose' of attaining high voltages, the commutator segments being correspondingly sub-divided axially.

Referring to the accompanying diagram- 60 matic drawings :---k

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 2 a cross section of 'one constructionV according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 shows how the commutator seg- 65 ments can be pressed on to the armature conductors. 1

Figs. 4 and 5 are developed views, showing two .arrangement-s of segments and brushes. i

Fig. 6 illustrates a form in which'a hollow cylinder surrounding the return conductors extends up to the air gap of the machine, the return conductors which serve also as brush holders being led through the` cylinder but insulated therefrom.

Figs. 7 and 8 show a part longitudinal section and a developed View respectively of a modification in which two layers of con- Fig. 9 is a,perspeetive view of a detail.

ln the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the brush rocker consists of cast iron or cast steel segments c, to om. They are held together by a steel cylinder d. 35

The segments are insulated from Athis cylinder as well as from one another. For larger potentials they may also be insulated from the cylinder b.

The segments may either be arranged axially (Fig. 4), or they may be inclined to the extent of the pitch of a brush (Fig. 5). The brush holdersare bolted 0n at both sides in such a manner that two brushes con nected by a segment c can be shifted relatively to each other to the extent of the pitch of a brush (Figsfl and 5). y

Figs. 4 and 5 show the courseuo the current. The current is'supplied attivo adjacent brushes e, and e., to the machine; Hows 100 'in tivo branches from e, and eg-throughlthe armature conductors einem as indicated by the broken lines, to thefbrushes o, and 9,; from the latter as shownby the thin. full vines, back to thebrushes'e3 and 62,; from ele. The'current may also be admitted and;

taken in the manner indicated by the dash and dot lines (Fig. 4). i

The brush rocker is mounted on ball or roller bearings 1, so that it can be rotated for the purpose of adjusting thev brushes. ln a machine as shown in Fig. l, the brush rocker can be rotated only While the machine is at rest.

It may howeverbe desirable to be able to inspect oradjust all tl e brushes also during the Working of the machine. rhis requirement can be readily satisfied by mounting at both sides ot the brush rocker an insulated slipiring m m to which the beginning and the. end of the Winding are connected respec-l tively. The current is taken from one slip ring and is supplied to the other slip ring.

The brush holders are movably mounted in radial guides for the purpose of enabling them .to be adjusted when the connnutator has become Worn.

The brushes do not as shown in Fig. l run directly on the armature conductors. The latter would become Worn out too quickly, and are also not replaceable with sufficient ease. For these reasons easily removable segments s, al@ are provided, consisting of hard material', for instance, nickel steel. rlie cont-act between the conductors al, a2, etc., and the segments s1, S2, etc., is made inl an extremely simple manner by pressing the segments on the conductors (Fig. 3).

The segments 3 82, etc., are held together by shrunk-on rings fr. The segments are also held. by the conically bored ends of the steel @vlinders j' and j, pressed on to the conductors al, u2, etc., but insulated therefrom.

lllliere the segments 8,. s2, etc., are composed or material oi small magnetic resistivity, for instance, steel, it might easily happen that a portion ot' the magnetic flux -would be rendered useless for trie generation ont' the current by reason of the fact that it ".vas closed upon i l.' outside the conductors any, a2, etc., from the end ot the drum R lthroughthe sleeve f and through the segments s1, S2, ete., and the sleeve 7'; the respective lines of torce would then not be cut by the condu 1tors a. ln order to oppose high magnetic resistance to this dispersion of the dus, the segments 5 a2, etc., may be provided '-.vith recesses or openings g under the shrunk-on ring r. Or for the same purpose the insulation may be made particularly thiol; between the segments sl, 3. etc., aud the cylinders f and ,11; or material of great magnetic. resistivity may be inserted between the segmentss and the cylinders f and f1.

l1, Z. are grooves whiehserve for cooling the commutator and which extend under the. conductors (L from one end of the rotor to the other (Fig. Air can be supplied to them through the pipe In `the machinedescribed .,above, the stationary return conductors are arranged in the manner of a fcommutator around the armature, While, however, being rotatable as ay whole from the outside of the machine with relation to the fixed magnetic system, so that the brushes which connected to these return conductors can be readily inspected and adjusted. ln that form the -aforesaid condiictors were held together by a surrounding insulated steel cylinder al mounted on rollers lor balls in the magnetic housing.

According to the modification shown in Fig. (i, the hollow cylinder d which surrounds the return lconductors is made to extend up to the air gap of the machine, and the return conductors c which serve also as brush holders, are led in an insulated manner through openings or holes in the hollow cylinder (Z. Thiscylinder may be made of solid iron or ot'assembled metal sheets. The mounting may be effected, as before, by means of rollers orballs.

The forni of the invention illust-rated in Fig. 'T'shows :L machine for the production of high voltages. ln this torni the connnutator segments are sub-divided in. the axial direc tion so that a plurality of commutatore are located in an insulated manner on each side of the machine. The armature conductors are also sub-divided, but in the radial direction, and the several conductors are insulated from one another. In other respects the construction is the same as described above.

The course of the current in the machine is shown in Fig. 8. The e ri nt is taken, for example, by the brush e "oni the commutator; flows as indient through the return segments c, to the brush e2; from the latter as indicated by the dot and dash line through an armature conduc- 'tor to the brushww' and troni' the latter again, as indicated by the dotted line, through the return segments 0 to the brush e, and so on.

`With this sub-division ot the commutators the potential due t the self-induction which occurs on the disconnecting ot each armature conductor, can be suppressed by stag gering the brushes of diierent oommutators on one side of the machine, relatively to one another as shown in Fig. 8. By this means the eld set up by an armature conductor is v the broken line V Weense i caused to diminish While the field set up by staggered, e portion of the armature con ductors being bent ofi' laterally.

In Fig. 1l, the iron body of Fig. 6 is shown laminated.

Having now described my invention what I ciaiin as new and desire `to secure by Let ters Patent ijsz-n l. A unipolar dynamo electric machine including; two commutatore separated by a magnetic field, :t plurality et armature con ductors terminating in the segments-3f the .aforesaid commutatore, a brush rocker com prising a. plurality of segments rotatable about seid conductors and'serving as return conductors whereby the armature conductors are connected in series. .y

2. A, uni-polar dynamo electric machine including two coinmutetors separated by a magnetic field, e, plurality of armature con doctors terminating in the segments of the aforesaid. commutators, a brush rocker comprising e plurality of segments rotatable about seid conductors and serving :is return conductors whereby the armature conductors are connected in series and wherein those' brushes which nre 'connected together by one and the same conductor segment, are shifted relatively to each other one division or brush pitch distance.

A uni-polar dynamo electric machine including two commutatore seperated by a magnetic field, a plurality of armature eenc doctors terminating in the segments of the aforesaid commutatore, e brush rocker com prieing a. plurality of segments rotatable about seid conductors and serving return conductors, together with slip rings rotating with 4the brush rocker to which rings the ende of the windings are connected, whereby current. may be led to and teken 'troni the armature conductors. v

t. A uni-polar dynznno electric machine including armature conductors end renew` 'brush frecher serving reto prising e plurality of Segmente rotatable about the .armature segni i several Segmente oit the brush. r ci ing es' return conductors whereby t ture conductors ere' connec rotatable brush. consisNJ iron cylinder through which the r ductore, which brune ereled but thereronn (Si A. unbpoler d; including,r two eonnnutet se meti magnetic ieid, u plurality ductors terminating in ee aforesaid correnti t prieing i rotatable about the m several segi Aente oe? i i ing es return condutere yherehj" ture re ed ii. rotatable brush rocher consist' low iron cylinder comprising e. pli leminatione through which the ductors, which serve else es bruco.' :iro "eed but insulated therefrom.

7. A. 'unbpcier dynenio eiecerie including two co enrutetore on eee"v f e magnetic field, seper'pted enelYA reli'ty of conduct i at leest two layers ments of the eoreeald brush rocher comprising n Flur" i ments brushes rotatable about the ture segments, 'these sei/"crei segments brush rocker serving es ret whereby armature conde necked in series.

8. e. uniepoler eiect'i including two en e. magnetic tiefe?, relity @it erntet et leest two termin ""u. mente of the ei? resuidv comuni., lbmsh rocher eoniprising e uit i' niente and brushes rotetebie ehou ture eeginente, Seremi se whereby the armature conductove nected in series, the commute-tors on one side of the in ing staggered reletiveiy to one eno the purpose ot suppressing the M i to self-induction which occurs l'on e die-- connection of each armature cond In testimony wiieireoii signature.

Billie L? ii/Titneeses s 1 von Jenn boeren,

in C. 

